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Introduction
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 The Americas
1.2 Europe on the Brink of Change
1.3 West Africa and the Role of Slavery
1. Chapter 1 Review Questions
Chapter 2 Introduction
2.1 Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest
2.2 Religious Upheavals in the Developing Atlantic World
2.3 Challenges to Spain’s Supremacy
2.4 New Worlds in the Americas: Labor, Commerce, and the Columbian Exchange
Chapter 3 Introduction
3.1 Spanish Exploration and Colonial Society
3.2 Colonial Rivalries: Dutch and French Colonial Ambitions
3.3 English Settlements in America
3.4 The Impact of Colonization
Chapter 4 Introduction
4.1 Charles II and the Restoration Colonies
4.2 The Glorious Revolution and the English Empire
4.3 An Empire of Slavery and the Consumer Revolution
4.4 Great Awakening and Enlightenment
4.5 Wars for Empire
Chapter 5 Introduction
5.1 Confronting the National Debt: The Aftermath of the French and Indian War
5.2 The Stamp Act and the Sons and Daughters of Liberty
5.3 The Townshend Acts and Colonial Protest
5.4 The Destruction of the Tea and the Coercive Acts
5.5 Disaffection: The First Continental Congress and American Identity
2. Introduction to Primary Sources for Chapters 1-5
3. Native American Creation Stories - Salinan and Cherokee Stories
4. Journal of Christopher Columbus, 1492
5. Gomes Eannes de Azurara, The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea
6. An Aztec account of the Spanish attack
7. Bartolomé de Las Casas Describes the Exploitation of Indigenous Peoples, 1542
8. Richard Hakluyt Makes the Case for English Colonization, 1584
9. John Smith, The Generall Historie of Virginia
10. Richard Frethorne, A Letter from an Indentured Servant in Virginia, 1623
11. William Bradford, Of Plymouth Colony, 1620-1621
12. John Winthrop Dreams of a City on a Hill, 1630
13. Thomas Morton Reflects on Native Americans in New England, 1637
14. Recruiting Settlers to Carolina, 1666
15. Letter from Carolina, 1682
16. Francis Daniel Pastorius Describes his Ocean Voyage, 1684
17. Examination of Sarah Carrier, 1692
18. Ann Putnam Recants charges of witchcraft, 1706
19. John Lawson Encounters Native Americans, 1709
20. Boston trader Sarah Knight on her travels in Connecticut, 1704
21. Slave Trade Documents by John Barbot 1732
22. Olaudah Equiano Describes the Middle Passage, 1789
23. Rose Davis against Henry Darnall, August 1715
24. Eliza Lucas Letters, 1740-1741
25. Elizabeth Sprigs, “Letter to Mr. John Sprigs . . ., September 22, 1756"
26. Samson Occom describes his conversion and ministry, 1768
27. Extracts from Gibson Clough’s War Journal, 1759
28. Pontiac Calls for War, 1763
29. Alibamo Mingo Reflects on the British and French, 1765
30. Francis Bernard, Massachusetts Governor Describes a Riot against the Stamp Act, 1765
31. A Retrospect of the Boston Tea-party
Chapter 6 Introduction
6.1 Britain’s Law-and-Order Strategy and Its Consequences
6.2 The Early Years of the Revolution
6.3 War in the South
6.4 Identity during the American Revolution
Chapter 7 Introduction
7.1 Common Sense: From Monarchy to an American Republic
7.2 How Much Revolutionary Change?
7.3 Debating Democracy
7.4 The Constitutional Convention and Federal Constitution
Chapter 8 Introduction
8.1 Competing Visions: Federalists and Democratic-Republicans
8.2 The New American Republic
8.3 Partisan Politics
8.4 The United States Goes Back to War
Chapter 9 Introduction
9.1 Early Industrialization in the Northeast
9.2 A Vibrant Capitalist Republic
9.3 On the Move: The Transportation Revolution
9.4 A New Social Order: Class Divisions
Chapter 10 Introduction
10.1 A New Political Style: From John Quincy Adams to Andrew Jackson
10.2 The Rise of American Democracy
10.3 The Nullification Crisis and the Bank War
10.4 Indian Removal
10.5 The Tyranny and Triumph of the Majority
32. Introduction to Primary Sources for Chapters 6-10
33. Abigail and John Adams Converse
34. Declaration of Independence, 1776
35. Thomas Paine Calls for American independence, 1776
36. Boston King recalls fighting for the British and securing his freedom
37. Oneida Declaration of Neutrality, 1775
38. Women in South Carolina Experience Occupation
39. Hector St. Jean de Crèvecœur Describes the American people, 1782
40. A Confederation of Native peoples seek peace with the United States, 1786
41. Mary Smith Cranch writing to Abigail Adams comments on politics, 1786-87
42. Constitution of the United States and Bill of Rights
43. George Washington, “Farewell Address,” 1796
44. Susannah Rowson, Charlotte Temple, 1794
45. Venture Smith, A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Venture, 1798
46. Thomas Jefferson’s Notes on the State of Virginia, Excerpt, 1788
47. Black scientist Benjamin Banneker demonstrates Black intelligence to Thomas Jefferson, 1791
48. Letter of Cato and Petition by “the negroes who obtained freedom by the late act,”
49. Creek headman Alexander McGillivray (Hoboi-Hili-Miko) seeks to build an alliance with Spain, 1785
50. George Washington’s Dilemma over Pennsylvania’s Act for Gradual Abolition of Slavery
51. George Washington’s Advertisement for the Capture of Oney Judge
52. Tecumseh Calls for Pan-Indian Resistance, 1810
53. Congress Debates Going to War, 1811
54. Abigail Bailey Escapes an Abusive Relationship, 1815
55. Rhode Islanders Protest Property Restrictions on Voting, 1834
56. Black Philadelphians Defend their Voting Rights, 1838
57. Alexis de Tocqueville, “How Americans Understand the Equality of the Sexes,” 1840
58. Andrew Jackson’s Veto Message Against Re- chartering the Bank of the United States, 1832
59. James Madison Asks Congress to Support Internal Improvements, 1815
Chapter 11 Introduction
11.1 Lewis and Clark
11.2 The Missouri Crisis
11.3 Independence for Texas
11.4 The Mexican-American War, 1846–1848
11.5 Free or Slave Soil? The Dilemma of the West
Chapter 12 Introduction
12.1 The Economics of Cotton
12.2 African Americans in the Antebellum United States
12.3 Wealth and Culture in the South
12.4 The Filibuster and the Quest for New Slave States
Chapter 13 Introduction
13.1 An Awakening of Religion and Individualism
13.2 Antebellum Communal Experiments
13.3 Reforms to Human Health
13.4 Addressing Slavery
13.5 Women’s Rights
Chapter 14 Introduction
14.1 The Compromise of 1850
14.2 The Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Republican Party
14.3 The Dred Scott Decision and Sectional Strife
14.4 John Brown and the Election of 1860
Chapter 15 Introduction
15.1 The Origins and Outbreak of the Civil War
15.2 Early Mobilization and War
15.3 1863: The Changing Nature of the War
15.4 The Union Triumphant
60. Introduction to Primary Sources for Chapters 11-15
61. A Traveler Describes Life Along the Erie Canal, 1829
62. A Chinese American Protest
63. Blacksmith Apprentice Contract, 1836
64. Harriet H. Robinson Remembers a Mill Workers’ Strike, 1836
65. Maria Stewart on Racism, 1832
66. Frederick Douglass, “What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?” 1852
67. Rebecca Reed accuses nuns of abuse, 1835
68. Revivalist Charles G. Finney Emphasizes Human Choice in Salvation, 1836
69. Dorothea Dix defends the mentally ill, 1843
70. Missouri Controversy Documents, 1819-1920
71. President Monroe Outlines the Monroe Doctrine, 1823
72. John O’Sullivan Declares America’s Manifest Destiny, 1845
73. Andrew Jackson on the Nullification Crisis
74. Cherokee Petition Protesting Removal, 1836
75. Diary of a Woman Migrating to Oregon, 1853
76. Texas Declaration of Independence
77. David Walker’s Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World, 1829
78. Chinese Merchant Complains of Racist Abuse, 1860
79. William Lloyd Garrison Introduces The Liberator, 1831
80. Angelina Grimké, Appeal to Christian Women of the South, 1836
81. Sarah Grimké Calls for Women’s Rights, 1838
82. Sermon on the Duties of a Christian Woman, 1851
83. Henry David Thoreau Reflects on Nature, 1854
84. Nat Turner explains the Southampton rebellion, 1831
85. Harriet Jacobs on Rape and Slavery, 1860
86. Solomon Northup Describes a Slave Market, 1841
87. Mary Polk Branch remembers plantation life, 1912
88. Painting of Enslaved Persons for Sale, 1861
89. George Fitzhugh Argues that Slavery is Better than Liberty and Equality, 1854
90. Prigg v. Pennsylvania, 1842
91. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Declaration of Sentiments, Seneca Falls Declaration, 1848
92. Proslavery Cartoon, 1850
93. Wyandotte woman describes tensions over slavery, 1849
94. Effects of the Fugitive Slave Law Lithograph, 1850
95. Anti-Immigrant Cartoon, 1860
96. Sojourner Truth, Address to the Women's Rights Convention in Akron, Ohio, 1851
97. Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852
98. Stories from the Underground Railroad, 1855- 1856
99. Maria Mason and Lydia Maria Child Discuss John Brown
100. Charlotte Forten complains of racism in the North, 1855
101. 1860 Republican Party Platform
102. Sectional Crisis Map, 1856
103. South Carolina Declaration of Secession, 1860
104. Alexander Stephens on Slavery and the Confederate Constitution
105. General Benjamin F. Butler Reacts to Self- Emancipating People
106. William Henry Singleton, a formerly enslaved man, recalls fighting for the Union
107. Ambrose Bierce Recalls his Experience at the Battle of Shiloh
108. Abraham Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address, 1865
109. Burying the Dead Photograph, 1865
110. Civil War Nurses Illustration, 1864
Chapter 16 Introduction
16.1 Restoring the Union
16.2 Congress and the Remaking of the South, 1865–1866
16.3 Radical Reconstruction, 1867–1872
16.4 The Collapse of Reconstruction
Chapter 17 Introduction
17.1 The Westward Spirit
17.2 Homesteading: Dreams and Realities
17.3 Making a Living in Gold and Cattle
17.4 The Assault on American Indian Life and Culture
17.5 The Impact of Expansion on Chinese Immigrants and Hispanic Citizens
Chapter 18 Introduction
18.1 Inventors of the Age
18.2 From Invention to Industrial Growth
18.3 Building Industrial America on the Backs of Labor
18.4 A New American Consumer Culture
Chapter 19 Introduction
19.1 Urbanization and Its Challenges
19.2 The African American “Great Migration” and New European Immigration
19.3 Relief from the Chaos of Urban Life
19.4 Change Reflected in Thought and Writing
Chapter 20 Introduction
20.1 Political Corruption in Postbellum America
20.2 The Key Political Issues: Patronage, Tariffs, and Gold
20.3 Farmers Revolt in the Populist Era
20.4 Social and Labor Unrest in the 1890s
111. Introduction to Primary Sources for Chapter 16-20
112. Letter from Jourdon Anderson to Colonel P. H. Anderson, 1865
113. Freedmen discuss post-emancipation life with General Sherman, 1865
114. Charlotte Forten Teaches Freed Children in South Carolina, 1864
115. Johnson and Reconstruction Cartoon, 1866
116. “Next!” Political Cartoon
117. Frederick Douglass on Remembering the Civil War, 1877
118. A case of sexual violence during Reconstruction, 1866
119. Mississippi Black Code, 1865
120. General Reynolds Describes Lawlessness in Texas, 1868
121. Reconstruction Amendments to the Constitution
122. Fifteenth Amendment Print, 1870
123. Manifest Destiny Painting, 1872
124. Report of Marcus Albert Reno on the Battle of the Little Bighorn, 1876
125. Chief Red Horse Account of the Battle of the Little Bighorn (Greasy Grass), 1881
A Cap Maker's Story: Rose Schneiderman
126. Henry George, Progress and Poverty, Selections
127. William Graham Sumner on Social Darwinism
128. Andrew Carnegie’s Gospel of Wealth
129. The Tournament of Today – A Set-To Between Labor and Monopoly
130. Helen Hunt Jackson on a Century of Dishonor
131. Laura C. Kellogg on Indian Education
132. Turning Hawk and American Horse on the Wounded Knee Massacre
133. “Significance of the Frontier in American History” (1893)
134. Chester A. Arthur on American Indian Policy
135. William T. Hornady on the Extermination of the American Bison
136. Chief Joseph on Indian Affairs
137. Henry Grady on the New South
138. Ida B. Wells-Barnett, “Lynch Law in America”
139. Henry Adams, The Education of Henry Adams
140. Charlotte Perkins Gilman, “Why I Wrote The Yellow Wallpaper”
141. Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives
142. Rose Cohen on Life Outside her Immigrant Neighborhood
143. Chinese Immigrants Confront Anti-Chinese Prejudice
144. James D. Phelan, “Why the Chinese Should Be Excluded”
Chapter 21 Introduction
21.1 The Origins of the Progressive Spirit in America
21.2 Progressivism at the Grassroots Level
21.3 New Voices for Women and African Americans
21.4 Progressivism in the White House
Chapter 22 Introduction
22.1 Turner, Mahan, and the Roots of Empire
22.2 The Spanish-American War and Overseas Empire
22.3 Economic Imperialism in East Asia
22.4 Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” Foreign Policy
22.5 Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy”
Chapter 23 Introduction
23.1 American Isolationism and the European Origins of War
23.2 The United States Prepares for War
23.3 A New Home Front
23.4 From War to Peace
23.5 Demobilization and Its Difficult Aftermath
Chapter 24 Introduction
24.1 Prosperity and the Production of Popular Entertainment
24.2 Transformation and Backlash
24.3 A New Generation
24.4 Republican Ascendancy: Politics in the 1920s
Chapter 25 Introduction
25.1 The Stock Market Crash of 1929
25.2 President Hoover’s Response
25.3 The Depths of the Great Depression
25.4 Assessing the Hoover Years on the Eve of the New Deal
145. Introduction to Primary Sources for Chapters 21-25
146. Booker T. Washington & W.E.B. DuBois on Black Progress
147. Jane Addams, “The Subjective Necessity for Social Settlements”
148. Eugene Debs, “How I Became a Socialist”
149. Woodrow Wilson on the New Freedom
150. Theodore Roosevelt on “The New Nationalism”
151. Grover Cleveland’s Veto of the Texas Seed Bill
152. Walter Rauschenbusch, Christianity and the Social Crisis
153. The “Omaha Platform” of the People’s Party
154. Alice Stone Blackwell, Answering Objections to Women’s Suffrage
155. Dispatch from a Mississippi Colored Farmers’ Alliance
156. William McKinley on American Expansionism
157. William James on “The Philippine Question”
158. African Americans Debate Enlistment in Imperial Wars
159. Rudyard Kipling, “The White Man’s Burden”
160. Mark Twain, “The War Prayer”
161. “School Begins,” Puck, January 25, 1899.
162. Woodrow Wilson Requests War
163. Alan Seeger on World War I
164. Uncle Sam Poster
165. The Sedition Act of 1918
166. Emma Goldman on Patriotism
167. W.E.B DuBois, “Returning Soldiers”
168. Manuel Quezon calls for Filipino Independence
169. Lutiant Van Wert describes the 1918 Flu Pandemic
170. Warren G. Harding and the “Return to Normalcy”
171. Crystal Eastman, “Now We Can Begin”
172. College Day on the Picket Line Photo
173. Ellen Welles Page, “A Flapper’s Appeal to Parents”
174. Marcus Garvey, Explanation of the Objects of the Universal Negro Improvement Association
175. Alain Locke on the “New Negro”
176. Hiram Evans on the “The Klan’s Fight for Americanism”
177. Herbert Hoover, “Principles and Ideals of the United States Government”
Chapter 26 Introduction
26.1 The Rise of Franklin Roosevelt
26.2 The First New Deal
26.3 The Second New Deal
Chapter 27 Introduction
27.1 The Origins of War: Europe, Asia, and the United States
27.2 The Home Front
27.3 Victory in the European Theater
27.4 The Pacific Theater and the Atomic Bomb
Chapter 28 Introduction
28.1 The Challenges of Peacetime
28.2 The Cold War
28.3 The American Dream
28.4 Popular Culture and Mass Media
28.5 The African American Struggle for Civil Rights
Chapter 29 Introduction
29.1 The Kennedy Promise
29.2 Lyndon Johnson and the Great Society
29.3 The Civil Rights Movement Marches On
29.4 Challenging the Status Quo
Chapter 30 Introduction
30.1 Identity Politics in a Fractured Society
30.2 Coming Apart, Coming Together
30.3 Vietnam: The Downward Spiral
30.4 Watergate: Nixon’s Domestic Nightmare
30.5 Jimmy Carter in the Aftermath of the Storm
Chapter 31 Introduction
31.1 The Reagan Revolution
31.2 Political and Cultural Fusions
31.3 A New World Order
31.4 Bill Clinton and the New Economy
Chapter 32 Introduction
32.1 The War on Terror
32.2 The Domestic Mission
32.3 New Century, Old Disputes
32.4 Hope and Change
32.5 Political Divides and Social Movements
178. Introduction to Primary Sources for Chapters 26-32
179. Herbert Hoover on the New Deal
180. Huey P. Long, “Every Man a King” and “Share our Wealth”
181. Franklin Roosevelt’s Re-Nomination Acceptance Speech
182. Second Inaugural Address of Franklin D. Roosevelt
183. Lester Hunter, “I’d Rather Not Be on Relief”
184. Bertha McCall on America’s “Moving People”
185. Dorothy West, “Amateur Night in Harlem”
186. “Bonus Army Routed” Video
187. Charles A. Lindbergh, “America First”
188. WWII Posters
189. A Phillip Randolph and Franklin Roosevelt on Racial Discrimination in the Defense Industry
190. The Atlantic Charter
191. FDR, Executive Order No. 9066
192. Aiko Herzig-Yoshinaga on Japanese Internment
193. Photo of Tuskegee Airmen
194. Harry Truman Announcing the Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima
195. Declaration of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
196. The Truman Doctrine
197. NSC-68
198. Dwight D. Eisenhower, “Atoms for Peace”
199. Joseph McCarthy on Communism
200. Senator Margaret Chase Smith’s “Declaration of Conscience”
201. Lillian Hellman Refuses to Name Names
202. Paul Robeson’s Appearance Before the House Un-American Activities Committee
203. Atomic Energy Lab Image
204. Duck and Cover Movie
205. Juanita Garcia on Migrant Labor
206. Hernandez v. Texas
207. First Inaugural Address of Ronald Reagan
208. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
209. Elizabeth Eckford Attempts to Integrate Little Rock High School
210. Rosa Parks on Life in Montgomery, Alabama
211. Barry Goldwater, Republican Nomination Acceptance Speech
212. Richard Nixon on the American Standard of Living
213. John F. Kennedy on the Separation of Church and State
214. Fannie Lou Hamer: Testimony at the Democratic National Convention
215. LBJ and Civil Rights Leaders
216. Lyndon Johnson on Voting Rights and the American Promise
217. Lyndon Johnson, Howard University Commencement Address
218. “In the Suburbs” Film
219. Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders
220. George M. Garcia, Vietnam Veteran, Oral Interview
221. Statement by John Kerry of Vietnam Veterans Against the War
222. Nixon Announcement of China Visit
223. Congressman Arthur L. Miller Proposes to Bar Homosexuals from the Economic Cooperation Administration
224. Jerry Falwell on the “Homosexual Revolution”
225. Harvey Milk’s Gay Freedom Day Speech: Annotated
226. Statements of AIDS Patients
227. Phyllis Schlafly on Women’s Responsibility for Sexual Harassment
228. Pat Buchanan on the Culture War
229. Statements from The Parents Music Resource Center
230. Jesse Jackson on the Rainbow Coalition
231. The Port Huron Statement
232. National Organization for Women, “Statement of Purpose”
233. Gloria Steinem on Equal Rights for Women
234. Native Americans Occupy Alcatraz
235. “Stop ERA” Protest
236. Barbara Jordan, 1976 Democratic National Convention Keynote Address
237. Jimmy Carter, “Crisis of Confidence”
238. Chelsea Manning Petitions for a Pardon
239. Bill Clinton on Free Trade and Financial Deregulation
240. The 9/11 Commission Report, “Reflecting On A Generational Challenge”
241. George W. Bush on the Post-9/11 World
242. Obergefell v. Hodges
243. Pedro Lopez on His Mother’s Deportation
244. Emily Doe (Chanel Miller), Victim Impact Statement
245. Photo of Ground Zero
246. Photo of Barack Obama and a Young Boy
Appendix
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U.S. History, Part I Copyright © by John M. Lund; P. Scott Corbett; Volker Janssen; Sylvie Waskiewicz; Todd Pfannestiel; Paul Vickery; Alicia Tucker; and Maureen Santelli is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.