9.9 Glossary

Balkanization – centrifugal forces pulling a state apart from within

Boundary – an invisible, vertical plane that separates one state from another, which includes both the airspace above the line on the surface and the ground below.

Centripetal force – a force that tends to bind a state together.

Centrifugal force – a force that tends to break a state apart.

Compact state – a state where the distance from the center to any border does not vary significantly; roughly circular.

Devolution – compromise situation when a unitary state will grant a special exception  to a region for greater control.

Ethnic boundary – a boundary that encompasses a particular ethnic group.

Federal state – system of government with one strong central governing authority as well as smaller units (such as provinces in Canada or states in the US).

Fragmented state – a state whose territory is not contiguous, but consists of isolated parts such as islands.

Geometric boundary – a boundary that follows a straight line and may coincide with a line of latitude or longitude.

Gerrymandering – the process of redrawing legislative districts in order to benefit the party in power and ensure victory in elections.

Irredentism – an effort to expand the political influence of a state on a group of people in a neighboring state.

Multi-national state – state that has more than one nation within their borders.

Nation – group of people bonded by cultural attributes such as language, ethnicity and religion.

Nation-state – state in which the territorial boundaries encompass a group of people with a shared ethnicity.

Physical boundary – a boundary that follows a natural feature on the landscape such as a river, mountain range, or lake.

Secession – is the formal withdrawal of a group from a political entity with the goal of creating an independent state.

State – a formal region in which the government has sovereignty or control of its own affairs within its territorial boundaries.

Stateless nation – a nation that aspires to become a nation-state but does not yet have their own territory.

Supranational organization – an alliance involving three or more states who have shared objectives that may be economic, political/military, or cultural.

Territory – a location claimed by a sovereign state.

Terrorism – intimidation of a population by violence in order to further political aims.

Unitary state – the governing body has supreme authority and dictates how much power the units (provinces, states etc.) are allowed to have.